<html> 
<head> 
<title> </title>
<style> 
px {font-family: "Lucida Console", Monaco }
p { font-size:100%; line-height:1.1em; }
body {xfont-style: sans-serif}
body {
color:#333; font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size:1em; line-height:1.3em; }
a:visited { color:#666; }
h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { color:#333; font-family:georgia, verdana, sans-serif; }
h1 { font-size:150%; page-break-before:auto;background-color: #aaaaff}
h2 { font-size:143%;color:teal; }
h3 { font-size:134%;color:blue; }
h4 { font-size:120%;color:gray; }
img { max-width: 55em}
p{ padding: 0;margin:0; }
p{ padding-right:1.4em; }
p{ padding-bottom:0.1em; }
p{ padding-top:1em; }
p{ whitespace: pre-wrap; }
h5,h6 { font-size:100% }
a.nav,a:link.nav, a:visited.nav { background-color:#FFF; color:#000; }
XXtable { border:double #000; border-collapse:collapse; }
XXtable { border-collapse:collapse; }
XXtd { border:thin solid #888; }
XXtd { border:none; }
li { margin-bottom:0.5em; }
blockquote { display:block; font-size:100%; line-height:1.1em; margin:0 0 0.5em; padding:0 2.5em; }
pre { background-color:#DDD; font-size:100%; overflow:auto; padding:1em; }
a,li span { color:#000; }
a:hover, a.nav:hover, a:hover math { background-color:#000; color:#FFF; }
#Container { margin:0 10px; text-align:center; background-color: #BBB}
#Content { border-top:none; margin:auto; padding:0.3em; text-align:left; width:100%; max-width:55em; background:#FFF}
span.webName { font-size:.5em; }
textarea#content { font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.125; }
h1#pageName { line-height:1em; margin:0.2em 0 0.2em 0; padding:0; }
.property { color:#666; font-size:100%; }
a.existingWikiWord[title]{ //border: 1px dashed #BBB; }
.byline { color:#666; font-size:1.0em; font-style:italic; margin-bottom:1em; padding-top:1px; } 
</style> 
</head>
<BODY bgcolor=#F0F0F0 text=#000000 link=#0000ff vlink=#C000C0 alink=#ff0000><A NAME=top></A>
<h5><a href="https://github.com/urbanjost/M_strings">[UP]</a></h5>
<div id="Container">
<div id="Content">
<CENTER>
<H1><HR><I>Manual Reference Pages &nbsp;-&nbsp;</I><NOBR>upper (3m_strings)</NOBR><HR></H1>
</CENTER>
<A name=0>

     <H3>NAME</H3>

</A>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<B>upper</B>(3f) - [M_strings:CASE] changes a string to uppercase
(LICENSE:PD)
<P>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<A name=contents></A><H3>CONTENTS</H3></A>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<A HREF=#1>Synopsis</A><BR>
<A HREF=#2>Description</A><BR>
<A HREF=#3>Options</A><BR>
<A HREF=#4>Results</A><BR>
<A HREF=#5>Trivia</A><BR>
<A HREF=#6>Example</A><BR>
<A HREF=#7>Author</A><BR>
<A HREF=#8>License</A><BR>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<A name=9>

     <H3>SYNOPSIS</H3>

</A>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
elemental pure function <B>upper</B>(str,begin,end) result (<I>string</I>)
<P>
<PRE>
    character(*), intent(in)    :: str
    integer,optional,intent(in) :: begin,end
    character(len(str))         :: string  ! output string
<P>
</PRE>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<A name=2>

     <H3>DESCRIPTION</H3>

</A>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<B>upper</B>(<I>string</I>) returns a copy of the input <I>string</I> with all characters
converted in the optionally specified range to uppercase, assuming
ASCII character sets are being used. If no range is specified the
entire <I>string</I> is converted to uppercase.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<A name=3>

     <H3>OPTIONS</H3>

</A>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<TABLE cellpadding=3>
<TR valign=top><TD width=6% nowrap>
<B>str</B> </TD><TD valign=bottom>
<I>string</I> to convert to uppercase
</TD></TR>
<TR valign=top><TD width=6% nowrap>
<B>begin</B> </TD><TD valign=bottom>
optional starting position in "str" to begin converting to
uppercase
</TD></TR>
<TR valign=top><TD width=6% nowrap>
<B>end</B> </TD><TD valign=bottom>
optional ending position in "str" to stop converting to
uppercase
</TD></TR>
<TR></TR></TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<A name=4>

     <H3>RESULTS</H3>

</A>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
<TABLE cellpadding=3>
<TR valign=top><TD width=6% nowrap>
<B>upper</B> </TD><TD valign=bottom>
copy of the input <I>string</I> with all characters converted to
uppercase over optionally specified range.
</TD></TR>
<TR></TR></TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE>
<A name=5>

     <H3>TRIVIA</H3>

</A>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
The terms "uppercase" and "lowercase" date back to the early days of
the mechanical printing press. Individual metal alloy casts of each
needed letter, or punctuation symbol, were meticulously added to a
press block, by hand, before rolling out copies of a page. These
metal casts were stored and organized in wooden cases. The more
often needed miniscule letters were placed closer to hand, in the
lower cases of the work bench. The less often needed, capitalized,
majuscule letters, ended up in the harder to reach upper cases.
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<A name=6>

     <H3>EXAMPLE</H3>

</A>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
Sample program:
<P>
<PRE>
    program demo_upper
    use M_strings, only: upper
    implicit none
    character(len=:),allocatable  :: s
       s=&#146; ABCDEFG abcdefg &#146;
       write(*,*) &#146;mixed-case input string is &#46;&#46;&#46;.&#146;,s
       write(*,*) &#146;upper-case output string is &#46;&#46;&#46;&#146;,upper(s)
       write(*,*) &#146;make first character uppercase  &#46;&#46;&#46; &#146;,&
       & upper(&#146;this is a sentence.&#146;,1,1)
       write(*,&#146;(1x,a,*(a:,"+"))&#146;) &#146;UPPER(3f) is elemental ==&gt;&#146;,&
       & upper(["abc","def","ghi"])
    end program demo_upper
<P>
</PRE>
Expected output
<P>
<PRE>
    mixed-case input string is &#46;&#46;&#46;. ABCDEFG abcdefg
    upper-case output string is &#46;&#46;&#46; ABCDEFG ABCDEFG
    make first character uppercase  &#46;&#46;&#46; This is a sentence.
    UPPER(3f) is elemental ==&gt;ABC+DEF+GHI
<P>
</PRE>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<A name=7>

     <H3>AUTHOR</H3>

</A>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
John S. Urban
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<A name=8>

     <H3>LICENSE</H3>

</A>
<BLOCKQUOTE>
Public Domain
</BLOCKQUOTE>
<P><HR>
<TABLE width=100%><TR> <TD width=33%><I>Nemo Release 3.1</I></TD> <TD width=33% align=center>upper (3m_strings)</TD> <TD align=right width=33%><I>April 30, 2022</I></TD> </TR></TABLE><FONT SIZE=-1>Generated by <A HREF="http://www.squarebox.co.uk/download/manServer.shtml">manServer 1.08</A> from c1de34fa-8ad0-4b17-87ac-1c31ca264ece using man macros.</FONT>
<br><br><center><img src="images/upper.gif"></center>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</HTML>
